Yesterday I was thinking about delightful chaos and today I spent the morning looking at a combination of W.H. Auden's poem Musee des Beaux Arts and Brueghel's Icarus and I was thinking how the chaos of Icarus' fall from the sky becomes just another event in a life that goes on - for life does indeed go on, and people survive and stories survive in the most primitive way - and I adore this poem and seeing a picture of the painting at the same time. Which I am happy to pass on here, mostly because I have been thinking a lot about representations of war which seem to dominate our front pages. Yesterday someone tried to blow up a a plane - a potential martyr and the ideology that goes with martyrdom and the promise of those seventy-two black-eyed virgins. That whole idea never ceases to concern me. And yet here is Auden's response in a textual alliance with Brueghel:
About suffering they were never wrong,The Old Masters: how well they understoodIts human position; how it takes placeWhile someone else is eating or opening a window or just walking dully along;How, when the aged are reverently, passionately waitingFor the miraculous birth, there always must beChildren who did not specially want it to happen, skatingOn a pond at the edge of the wood:They never forgotThat even the dreadful martyrdom must run its courseAnyhow in a corner, some untidy spotWhere the dogs go on with their doggy life and the torturer's horseScratches its innocent behind on a tree.
In Brueghel's Icarus, for instance: how everything turns awayQuite leisurely from the disaster; the plowman mayHave heard the splash, the forsaken cry,But for him it was not an important failure; the sun shoneAs it had to on the white legs disappearing into the greenWater; and the expensive delicate ship that must have seenSomething amazing, a boy falling out of the sky, Had somewhere to get to and sailed calmly on.
But then I got to thinking about Icarus and here's a conundrum - did Icarus fall or was he pushed? From Ovid onwards it has almost been a given that the story of Icarus (in its many re-tellings) is a tale of folly; the folly of the boy who didn’t listen to his father’s advice; advice gleaned from experience long stored as memory. Icarus’ folly, as if we needed reminding, was that he flew too close to the sun, from which a lesson can be learned. And the lesson is as much about not getting above yourself as it is a warning against reckless behaviour. Yet this troubles me.
If we think about it seriously, Daedalus was the survivor who witnessed his own son falling into the sea. But a very real question remains; was Daedalus a credible narrator of the event which led to the death of Icarus? Lets raise a couple of questions here. Daedalus, the known murderer of Talus, creator of the laberinthe hic minotaurus, the great conjurer who gifted flight to Icarus, only to put a restriction on it: can we believe a word he says? Moreover, can we subscribe to the proposition of the implied message in Ovid’s narrative, that we should all live a humbler life? And humbler than whom? Humbler than Daedalus is, I suspect, a mere hypothesis but let’s consider it. When Icarus was flying he ignored the height warning and, reckless as he may have seemed, he was already experiencing a high his own father never would: thus, Icarus was now the knowledgeable one. Having previously relied on the vicarious experience being passed on by his father, Icarus was now the one who knew what it really felt like to be alive and flying. Then when he went into freefall he was gaining a further, heady experience, something else his father never would: the freedom of it, the sheer exhilarating, reckless freedom. Therefore it’s easy to suggest that Daedalus may have murdered his son because he just couldn’t stand being the inexperienced one - Icarus had usurped the father figure. Icarus now had more knowledge than his father - surely a cause for jealousy (perhaps). After all, Daedalus had already shown what he thought of such and action.
Prior to Icarus' fall, Daedalus had envied his nephew Talus because he, Talus, the apprentice who became more skilled than the master! Might he not feel likewise about Icarus who was flying solo so high? Ultimately, Icarus was already rising. He had already left his father’s charge to experience his own highs. He was in charge of his own destiny and he made his own choice. Perhaps he did fly too close to the sun, as his father indicated, but perhaps Daedalus, conforming to type, simply couldn’t stand to see Icarus flying higher than himself. Certainly, the murder of his high flying nephew reveals he was capable of jealousy therefore some doubt about the legitimacy and the prescribed morality of the story of his son’s death must exist. Did Icarus fall, or was he pushed? But what of Icarus himself, we see him described by his father as: “… a wretched youth… now a dire example… for those who aspire to be supremely great…”. A wretched youth: is this all Icarus was for Daedalus? You can almost hear him saying, "...that'll teach you..." as Icarus fell. Or is there something else for us to consider? For where in the narrative of life and suicide does Icarus take us?
It used to be said that the pen is mightier than the sword, a cliché, perhaps, an artist would say the brush, a singer the voice, but if it is mightier the artist, the writer, could surely help to adjust the inner life of a civilisation. What we saw on 9/11 was the role of the artist being taken over by the terror art. It was an artistic act and that cannot be denied. For all its horrible consequence, watching it unfold had a rare macabre impact, which, because of the media used to record and reproduce it, forced itself into the soul of mankind and changed the inner life of the culture being attacked. That kind of flying terror relied on the Icarus effect. High on adrenalin for the audacious act, which would be witnessed, not just by the unstable narrator but all over the world just as it happened. Planes crashing into buildings, people throwing themselves out of buildings, buildings and planes and people crashing out of the sky, the big gesture… if only they could see the Brueghel, though. For surely the futility of the action will eventually become clear, unless of course we are all too vain to stop and learn and read the Auden... exercise that mind...